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¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬É»{¬°¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº¥Xª©¨t²Î¥X²{¦M¾÷, ¨ä½t¥Ñ¦³¤T(Suber, P. 2003):
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®e¯Çª«²z¾Ç¤Î¬ÛÃöªº¼Æ¾Ç¡B«D½u©Ê¬ì¾Ç¡B¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç»P®Ö¤l¬ì¾Çµ¥³N¸ê°T¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¥H§â¦Û¤vªº½×¤å©ñ¤W¨Ó¡A¤]¥i¥H¤U¸ü¨ä¤¤ªº½×¤å¡C¨ä¥L¾Ç¬ì,
¤×¨ä¬O¤H¤å¾Ç¬ì»â°ì,
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¬Y¨Ç¥Íª«Âå¾Ç»â°ìªº¾Ç¥Z, ª[µø¦L«e¥Xª©«~, ¤£±µ¨ü¤w¸g©óºô¸ô¤½¶}ªº¥¼¥¿¦¡µoªí½×¤å, ªýê¾Ç³Nª¾ÃѪº¬y³q¡C(waiting)
¶°¤¤¨åÂéΤÀ´²¨åÂÃ, http://makeashorterlink.com/?B5CC22BIB,
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¨Ì¨ä¥\¯à¤À¬°ºØ: ¨åÂónÅé¡B¾Ç¥ZºÞ²z³nÅé¡C
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- §K¶O¾Ç¥Z¼W¦h, ¸Óµ¥¾Ç¥Z¤£n¨D§@ªÌÂಾµÛ§@Åv;
- ªÀ·|ÁA¸ÑµÛ§@Åv¬O³y¦¨¾Ç¥Z¦M¾÷ªº¥Dn¦]¯À¤§¤@;
- Stevan Harnadµ¥¤H¤j¤O«Å¶Ç¦Û§Ú¨åÂ꺥²n©Ê;
- ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¹B°Ê¤w°_
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§@ªÌ±ÂÅvªºªk«ß¤å¥ó, «D±`½ÆÂø, ³Ð·N±ÂÅv(Creative Commons)±ø´Ú²Å¦X¶}©ñªñ¥Îªººë¯«, ¦³®Ä¦aµÎ¸Ñ§@ªÌªº·Ð´o¡C
ªñ¦~¨Ó, ¥Xª©ªÀ³vº¥±µ¨ü¦L«e¥Xª©ªº½×¤å, ¦P·N§@ªÌ¦Û§Ú¨åÂèä½×¤å, §@ªÌn¨D®É, Åý§@ªÌ«O¯dµÛ§@Åv¡C
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GNU Free Documentation License
Can I Copy This?, ¤½ª©µÛ§@Åvªºª§Ä³, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec02/copyright.html
1b. §@ªÌºô¯¸
ºô»Úºô¸ô¿³°_«á, FTP¤ÎGopher¦øªA¾¹´¿¸g¬O¨åÂç@ªÌ½×¤åªº³õ©Ò, ¥þ²y¸ê°Tºôµo©ú«á, §@ªÌ§ó²ßºD¦b¦Û¤vªººô¯¸«Ø¥ß¹q¤l¨åÂéÒ,
¤£Ã©w¬O§@ªÌ¨åÂéҪº³Ì¤j§xÃø, ´«¤u§@¡B°h¥ð¡B¬Æ¦Ü¦º¤`, ³£¥i¯àÅý즳ªº¨åÂéҥ¢®Ä¡C¬Û¹ï¦Ó¨¥, ¾Ç¥Z¨åÂéҤξ÷ºc¨åÂéҪº½×¤å, ¸û¬°Ã©w,
®e©ö³QÀ˯Á¾÷¨î¤ÎŪªÌÂ^¨ú¡C
Les Carr & Stevan Harnadµo²{, §@ªÌ¦Û§Ú¨åÂîÉ, ¨C½g½×¤å¬ù¶O®É6¦Ü10¤ÀÄÁ¡C
1c. ¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ
1991¦~¦¨¥ßªºªü¦èÀÉ®×(arXive), ¬O³Ì¦¨¥\ªº¾Ç¬ì¨åÂéÒ, ¥]¬Aª«²z¾Ç¡B¼Æ¾Ç¡B«D½u©Ê¬ì¾Ç¡B¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç¡B©w¶q¥Íª«¾Çµ¥¡C
The
well-populated field of eprint repository will soon have two new
members:
Symposia, from Innovative Interfaces (announced but still forthcoming)
http://www.iii.com/news/pr_template.php?id=238
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_10_fosblogarchive.html#a111324172532284433
teiPublisher, from the University of Maryland Libraries (in beta)
http://teipublisher.sourceforge.net/docs/index.php
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111253641515907283
There were several other developments in this field as well:
Two of the largest and most-used eprint repositories, ADS and arXiv,
announced a partnership to offer a joint, customizable
current-awareness service.
http://i-newswire.com/pr15623.html
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_17_fosblogarchive.html#a111391905994950934
METALIS is a new search engine from AePIC for OAI-compliant
repositories in library and information science.
http://metalis.cilea.it/
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111473077775944921
My Meta Maker by Thomas Severiens is a tool for creating
harvestable metadata for articles not on deposit in OAI-compliant
archives. (It's not new but it came up in an April AmSci OA Forum
discussion.)
http://www.isn-oldenburg.de/services/mmm/
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111478683629452951
DSpace released version 1.3 alpha.
https://mx2.arl.org/Lists/SPARC-OAForum/Message/1834.html
Marion Prudlo wrote a review of three archiving tools (LOCKSS,
Eprints, and DSpace) for the April 2005 issue of Ariadne.
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/prudlo/
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_24_fosblogarchive.html#a111486920107323620
1d. ¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ
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BOAI§â¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zµø¬°²Ä¤GÓµ¦²¤¡C¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥ZÅý§@ªÌ«O¦³µÛ§@Åv, ©În¨D§@ªÌ±Ä¥Î³Ð·N¦@¨É±ÂÅv¡C
¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¥H¹q¤l¾Ç¥Z¬°¥D, ¹ïÀ³ªº¦L¥»¾Ç¥Z¤´¥i±Ä¥Î¥I¶Oªñ¥Î¡C»s§@§¹¦¨«á, ¦bºô¸ô´²¥¬ªº¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z, ¨ä¦¨¥»Áͪñ©ó¹s¡C°£¤F»ù®æ¤§¥~, ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¤]´î¤Ö¤F¦UºØªñ¥Î±±¨î¡C¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº½s¿è¡B¼f½Z¡B¥Xª©µ¥·~°È, ¤´»Ý¦¨¥»; ¦³«Ü¦h¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡, ³Ì±`¨£ªº¬O¦V§@ªÌ¦¬¶O, ©Î¦V¾÷ºc¦¬¨ú·|û¶O, °òª÷·|®½ÃØ, ¦¬¨ì¸É§U, ¾÷ºcªº«D²{ª÷®½ÃØ, ¥H¤Î¨ä¥Lªþ¥[»ùÈ¡C
¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¦³À˯Á¤ÎºKnªA°È, ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¥Ø¿ý(DOAJ)¬O³Ì
§¹¾ãªº¥Ø¿ý¡C
¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº¼v
ÅT¤O, ¤£·|¤p©ó¦¬¶Oªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¡C
¦³´XÓ¾÷ºc¹ï¥Xª©¤Î¨åÂö}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z»á¬°§ë¤J:
BioMed Central: 2000¦~¦¨¥ß, Àç§Qªº¥Xª©ªÀ, ²{¦³¦Ê¾lºØ¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z;
the Public Library of Science (PLoS): ¦¨¥ß©ó2004¦~8¤ë, «DÀç§Q¥Xª©ªÀ, ²{¦³PLoS Biology¡BPLoS Medicineµ¥¨âºØ¾Ç¥Z, ÁÙ¦³¤TºØ¾Ç¥Z¤w¦bÄw³Æ¤¤; 2000¦~®É, ¤½¦@¬ì¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥H¤½¶}«Hn¨D¾Ç³N´Á¥Z¦b2001¦~9¤ë©³, À³¦b¥Xª©«á¤»Ó¤ë¤º, ±N½×¤å¶}©ñªñ¥Î, ½Ð¨D³s¸pªÌ¤£n¨Ñ½Z¡B¼f½Zµ¹¤£ÃÙ¦P¦¹¥D±iªº¾Ç¥Z, µ²ªG¦³180Ó°ê®aªº34,000ӾǪ̳s¸p¡C¨S¦³±o¨ì¥Xª©ªÀ¥¿±ªº¦^À³, ¤½¦@¬ì¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹E¨M©w¦Û¦æ¥Xª©¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Z¡C
PubMed Central: ¥Ñ¬ü°ê°ê¥ßÂå¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ](National Library of Medicine)ªº°ê¥ß¥Íª«¬ì§Þ¸ê°T¤¤¤ß(National Center for Biotechnology Information)¸gÀç, ¨åÂåͩR¬ì¾Ç¾Ç¥Z, ¨ÑªÀ·|¤j²³¦Û¥Ñªñ¥Î; ¸Óµ¥¾Ç¥Zªº½s¿è¬Fµ¦¥²¶·²Å¦X¬Û·í¼Ð·Ç, ¤~¯à³Q¨åÂáC1999¦~¥Ñ¬ü°ê°ê®a½Ã¥Í°|(National Institutes of Health)ªº°|ªø Harold Varmus³Ð¿ì, ¦¬¿ý¤º®e¥]¬A¦L«e¤Î¦L«áªº¹q¤l¥Xª©«~, 2000¦~×q¦¹¬Fµ¦¡C
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¶}©ñªñ¥Îªº§@«~´²¦bÓ¤H¨åÂéҡB¾Ç¥Z¨åÂéҡB¾÷ºc¨åÂéҡB¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zµ¥¦a, ¥²¶·¤@ÓÓ¨t²Î¥h¬d, «D±`¤£¤è«K; ¦]¦¹,
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Harvesting), ÅýªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ(À˯Á¨t²Î)¥i¥HÂ^¨ú¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ(¨åÂéÒ)ªº«á³]¸ê®Æ, ±N¦¹¸ê®Æ»E¶°°_¨Ó, ¥H³æ¤@ªºÀ˯Á¾÷¨î,
§Y¥iÀ˯Á¦hÓ¸ê®Æ®w¡C²Ä¤@ª©©ó2001¦~§¹¦¨¡C
±K¦è®Ú¤j¾Ç¼Æ¦ì¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥Í²£ªA°ÈªºOAIsterªA °È, ¬OªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ¤§¤@, ¥iÂ^¨ú458Ó¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ5,272,686µ§°O¿ýªº«á³]¸ê®Æ(2005¦~4¤ë1¤éªº¸ê®Æ), Åý¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ˯Á¦Ñ¹D©ú¤j¾Ç(Old Dominion University)ªº¼Æ¦ì¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬ã¨s²Õ¤]¦³¤@Ó¸û¤p«¬ªº¹êÅç©ÊªA°È, Arc; ¶}©ñ¤Þ¤åpµe(Open Citation Project)ªºCitebaseªA°È, ¥H¤Þ¤å±j¤Æ·j´Mªºµ²ªG; ¶}©ñ¨åÂëP¶i·|¦³ªA°È´£¨ÑªÌ¦W ³æ¤Î¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ¦W ³æ, ¥i¨Ñ°Ñ¦Ò¡CGoogle¤Î¶®ªêµ¥·j´M¤ÞÀº, ¤]¹ï«á³]¸ê®Æ¯Á¤Þ
¬ü°ê¡B^°ê¤Î¼Ú·ù½Ñ°ê¹ï¶Ç²Î¾Ç³N¥Xª©¨t²Î®i¶}©x¤è½Õ¬d, ¹ï©ó¬ì§ÞÂå¾Ç¾Ç¥Zªº°ª»ùªí¥ÜÃö¤Á,
¤×¨ä¹ï¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨spµe¦¨ªG¦b³o¨Ç¥I¶O¾Ç¥Zµoªí, ªí¹F²`¤ÁªºÃö¤ß¡C
2003¦~, ¬ü°ê²³Ä³ûMartin O. Sabo´£¥XPublic
Access to Science Act, n¨D¥Ñ¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨spµe¦¨ªG, ¥²¶·¸m©ó¤½¦@»â°ì¡C(Learned Society
Publisher's Comment
on PLoS/Sabo, 2003/7/20)¡C
2004¦~, ¬ü°ê²³Ä³°|¼·´Ú©eû·|(Appropriations Committee)«Øij¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|(NIH)±Ä¨ú±¹¬I,
¦¬¨ì¨ü¬F©²¸É§Uªº¬ã¨spµe¦¨ªG®É, À³±H¦s©ó¤½¦@Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ß; ±µ¨ü¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|¸É§Uªº½×¤å¤Î¬ã¨spµe¦¨ªG, À³±H¦s©ó¬ü°ê¤½¦@Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ß(PubMed
Central)¡C
¸g¹L°Q½×«á, ¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s°|ÀÀ©wpµe,
©ó2005¦~5¤ë¶}©l¿ì²z, ¥i±¤¦³¤TÂIÅý¨B(National Institutes
of Health, 2005):
Just as
Santorum was introducing his bill in the Senate, the U.S. National
Science Board was calling for public comments on its recommendation
that the U.S. government "encourage free and open access wherever
feasible" to publicly-funded data. (The deadline for public
comments
was yesterday.)
http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/meetings/2005/LLDDC_draftreport.pdf
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2005_04_03_fosblogarchive.html#a111271253128847194
And of
course in January 2004, the U.S. government signed the OECD Declaration
on Access to Research Data From Public Funding.
http://www.oecd.org/document/0,2340,en_2649_34487_25998799_1_1_1_1,00.html
©x¤èªºResearch Councils UK(RCUK)¤Î¥Á¶¡ªºWellcome Trust¦P®Én¨D¨ü¨ä¸É§Uªº¬ã¨spµe,
¥²¶·¦Û2005¦~10¤ë1¤é©l, ±N¨ä¦¨ªG¥H¶}©ñªñ¥Î¤è¦¡¤½§i¡C
2004¦~7¤ë7¤é, ^°ê¤Uij°|¬ì§Þ©eû·|¹ï©ó¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¥l¶}¤½Å¥·|, ´£¥X³ø§i(Scientific Publicatons: Free for All?,
PDF),
«Øij¥H¬F¬F¸g¶O¸É§Uªº¬ã¨spµe¦¨ªG, ¥²¶·±H¦s¦b¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ, ^°ê¦U°ªµ¥±Ð¨|¾÷ºc§¡À³«Ø¥ß¾÷ºc¨åÂéÒ, ¨Ã¥Ñ§@ªÌ¦V¬F©²¥Ó½Ð¼·¥I¶}©ñªñ¥Î¾Ç¥Zªº¥Xª©¶O¡C
Current models for publishing science are "unsatisfactory", according to a report issued by the House of Commons' Science and Technology Committee.
The report says the government has failed to act on the issue "in a coherent manner", and calls for radical changes in the publishing process.
It wants publicly funded research to be made freely available online by means of archived digital information banks.
At present, access is limited to those who can afford costly journal fees.
These subscriptions have risen dramatically in recent years, and amount to several hundred pounds a year for some titles.
But static or decreasing budgets for libraries mean many public reading institutions cannot afford to renew their subscriptions.
Raising standards
The MPs' report criticises some of the giants in scientific publishing, such as Reed Elsevier, for charging too much for their journals.
It advises the government to consider allocating funds to universities and other organisations to create online repositories where their research can be stored, and viewed by the public free of charge.
MPs also praised the new "open access" method of publishing, in which the costs of publication are met by the authors of the research, rather than the readers.
This could mean greater levels of scientific literacy amongst the general public, and a career boost for those academics involved, according to Professor Ian Gibson, chairman of the committee.
"The developing world would love this too, because they have to access this kind of scientific information as they build up their science and technology front," he told the BBC.
Issues of concern
However, "author pays" schemes have led to concerns that not-for-profit organisations, which rely on the revenue generated from their journal subscriptions, would struggle to keep themselves afloat.
There are also fears that research integrity could be compromised.
"We feel that there could be a conflict between the model that charges authors whose papers have been accepted, and the quality of material being accepted," said Arie Jongen, the chief executive officer of Science & Technology at Elsevier.
"Potentially, you could reduce your standards, accept more papers, and get more revenue."
But Vitek Tracz, chairman of the open-access pioneers Current Science Group, said of the report: "This is the point of no return; it is now time for the publishing model to change."
Call for freely available science,
Tuesday, 20 July, 2004 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/3911285.stm
2004¦~¤»¤ë, ¼Ú¬wij·|«Å¥¬, ±N¥J²Ó¬ã¨s¼Ú¬wªº¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¥«³õ(An
effective scientific publishing system for European research),
¨Ã¦b2005¦~¤½¥¬¬ã¨s¦¨ªG¡C
http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/frankfurtgroup/openaccess/eblida.pdf
²üÄõ
Dutch Academics Declare Research Free-For-All http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/05/11/open_access_research/
"Scientists from all major Dutch universities officially launched a
website on Tuesday where all their research material can be accessed for
free. Interested parties can get hold of a total of 47,000 digital
documents from 16 institutions [through DAREnet]. No other
nation in the world offers such easy access to its complete academic
research output in digital form, the researchers claim. Obviously,
commercial publishers are not amused." regarding: http://www.darenet.nl/page/language.view/home
http://www.creamofscience.org/
¦b¶}©ñªñ¥Îµ¦²¤¤§¥~, ¥Xª©ªÀ¤ÎY¤z¹ÎÅé§Æ±æ¦³¯S§Oªº¦w±Æ, §ïµ½¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ì¾Ç®aªñ¥Î¾Ç³N¤åÄmªº¼s«×¤Î²`«×;
¥H´î¤Ö©Î§K°£¶O¥Îªº¤è¦¡,
Åý¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ì¾Ç®a±o¥Hªñ¥Î¾Ç³N¤åÄm¡C
- Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture, AGORA; ¥Íª«Âå¾Ç¾Ç¥Z
- Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative, HINARI; ¥Íª«Âå¾Ç¾Ç¥Z
- Ptolemy Project; ÂǥѪþÄÝ©ó¥[®³¤j¦hÛ¦h¤j¾Ç, Åý¶}µo¤¤°ê®aªº¬ã¨s¤Hû¤Î°õ·~Âå¥Í¥i¥H§K¶Oªñ¥Î¦Ü±ÂÅvªº¹q¤l¾Ç¥Z¤Î¨ä¥L¸ê·½; ³W¼Ò¸û¤p¡C
- Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO; ¦X§@«¬¹q¤l¥Xª©pµe, ©Ô¤B¬ü¬w¤Î¥[°Ç¤ñ®ü¾Ç¥Zªº¥Xª©¥¥x¡C
¶}©ñªñ¥Î·¥¨ü¶}µo¤¤°ê®aÅwªï, °£¤F«ezªº²z¥Ñ, ÁÙ¥i¥H¼W¥[¨ä¬ã¨s¦¨ªGªºÃn¥ú²v¡C
http://web.jdrc.ca/es/ev-10380-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
51ӳ̤£µo¹F°ê®a(2005):
Asia(10 Countries): Afghanistan¡BBhutan¡BBangladesh¡BCambodia¡BLao People¡¦s
Democratic Republic¡BMaldives¡BMyanmar¡BNepal¡BTimor-Leste¡BYemen
Africa (35 Countries): Angola¡BBenin¡BBotswana¡BBurkina Faso¡BBurundi¡BCape
Verde¡BCentral African Republic¡BChad¡BComoros¡BDemocratic Republic of
Congo¡BDjibouti¡BEquatorial
Guinea¡BEritrea¡BEthiopia¡BGambia¡BGuinea¡BGuinea-Bissau¡BLesotho¡BLiberia¡B
Madagascar¡BMalawi¡BMali¡BMauritania¡BMozambique¡BNiger¡BRwanda¡BSao Tome and
Principe¡BSenegal¡BSierra Leone¡BSomalia¡BSudan¡BTogo¡BUganda¡BUnited Republic
of Tanzania¡BZambia
Oceania (5 Countries): Kiribati¡BSamoa¡BSolomon Islands¡BTuvalu¡BVanuatu
Caribbean (1 Country): Haiti
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¥þ¥@¬Éªº°ê®a, ¥]¬A»â¦a¡B°UºÞ¦aµ¥¦b¤º, ¦@¦³240Ó, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countries_of_the_world
worldfact, cia book.
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